javapoet根据编译注解自动生成代码
本文介绍利用apt技术,使用javapoet框架优雅的在编译阶段自动生成代码……
引入相关依赖包和插件
1.依赖包
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.auto.service/auto-service -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.auto.service</groupId>
<artifactId>auto-service</artifactId>
<version>1.0-rc4</version>
</dependency>
<!--优雅生成代码-->
<!--https://github.com/square/javapoet-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.squareup</groupId>
<artifactId>javapoet</artifactId>
<version>1.10.0</version>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
javapoet是square公司出品的用来优雅生成代码库。网址: https://github.com/square/javapoet
google auto-service是google公司的一个库,用来自动注册服务。
2.apt插件
<plugin>
<groupId>com.mysema.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>apt-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.1.3</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>process</goal>
</goals>
<phase>generate-sources</phase>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>${project.basedir}/target/generated-sources/java</outputDirectory>
<processor>com.example.demo.HelloProcessor</processor>
<processors>
<processor>com.example.demo.HelloProcessor</processor>
</processors>
<showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
可以在插件中添加注解处理类。在编译时将会调用相关注解处理类做处理生成代码。
demo演示
1.新建注解类HelloAnnotation
package com.example.demo;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
public @interface HelloAnnotation {
}
2.新建注解处理类HelloProcessor
package com.example.demo;
import com.google.auto.service.AutoService;
import com.squareup.javapoet.JavaFile;
import com.squareup.javapoet.MethodSpec;
import com.squareup.javapoet.TypeSpec;
import javax.annotation.processing.*;
import javax.lang.model.SourceVersion;
import javax.lang.model.element.Element;
import javax.lang.model.element.Modifier;
import javax.lang.model.element.Name;
import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Set;
@AutoService(Processor.class)
@SupportedAnnotationTypes(value = {"com.example.demo.HelloAnnotation"})
@SupportedSourceVersion(SourceVersion.RELEASE_8)
public final class HelloProcessor extends AbstractProcessor {
private Filer filer;
@Override
public synchronized void init(ProcessingEnvironment processingEnv) {
super.init(processingEnv);
filer = processingEnv.getFiler(); // for creating file
System.out.println(">>>processor init:" + filer.toString());
}
@Override
public boolean process(Set<? extends TypeElement> annotations, RoundEnvironment roundEnv) {
System.out.println(">>>> process:" + annotations.size());
for (TypeElement element : annotations) {
/*Set<? extends Element> aa = roundEnv.getElementsAnnotatedWith(element);
for (Element e:
aa) {
String name = e.getClass().getTypeName();
System.out.println(">>>name:" + name);
Name s = e.getSimpleName();
System.out.println(">>>aa:" + s.toString());
*//*Method[] m = e.getClass().getMethods();
for (int i = 0; i < m.length; i++) {
Method mm = m[i];
System.out.println(mm.getName());
}*//*
}*/
System.out.println(">>>>>> process:" + element.getQualifiedName().toString());
if (element.getQualifiedName().toString().equals(HelloAnnotation.class.getCanonicalName())) {
// main method
MethodSpec main = MethodSpec.methodBuilder("main")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC, Modifier.STATIC)
.returns(void.class)
.addParameter(String[].class, "args")
.addStatement("$T.out.println($S)", System.class, "Hello, JavaPoet!")
.build();
// HelloWorld class
TypeSpec helloWorld = TypeSpec.classBuilder("HelloWorld")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC, Modifier.FINAL)
.addMethod(main)
.build();
try {
// build com.example.HelloWorld.java
JavaFile javaFile = JavaFile.builder("com.example", helloWorld)
.addFileComment(" This codes are generated automatically. Do not modify!")
.build();
// write to file
javaFile.writeTo(filer);
javaFile.writeTo(System.out);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return true;
}
//采用注解
/*@Override
public Set<String> getSupportedAnnotationTypes() {
return Collections.singleton(HelloAnnotation.class.getCanonicalName());
}*/
//采用注解
/* @Override
public SourceVersion getSupportedSourceVersion() {
return SourceVersion.latestSupported();
}*/
}
- 加上注解
@AutoService(Processor.class)
,该注解为auto-service中的类,加上该注解,编译时候将会自动注册服务。在类路径下新增META-INF/services文件夹,并注册服务。
- 关键,覆盖方法
process
,并在该方法中利用javapoet库相关特性,优雅生成想要的java代码,并输出.java文件。输出路径可以在maven
插件中配置。
3.定义使用类
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@HelloAnnotation
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
// HelloWorld.main(null);
}
}
在类上添加注解@HelloAnnotation
。
那么用mvn install
或者运行该类编译代码时,将会调用注解处理类HelloProcessor
进行代码生成。
_注意_:
在引入apt插件后,要去掉java的编译时注解,只能二选其一,否则apt会生成一次代码,java编译时注解还会生成一次代码,将重复报错。
- 用apt插件,去掉processor中的
@AutoService(Processor.class)
注解。 - 用java编译时注解,在processor引入
@AutoService(Processor.class)
注解,不需要apt插件。
<<完>>